Monthly newsletter for teachers and advanced students.

March 2007 - Issue 001

Instituto Cultural Argentino de Ingls

Av. Rivadavia 8980 - C1407DYY - C.A.B.A - 

Telefax: (011) 4672 1206 - info@idiomasicadi.com

SUMMARY
Grammar:  Pronouns
Phonology: Voiced / voiceless(unvoiced) sounds.
Writing: Punctuation marks.
Words:  Chat codes
Proverbs and sayings
Famous quotations.

 
Pronuouns

Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns to name persons, places, things or ideas

number

person

personal pronouns

possessive

adjectives
subjective objective possessive
singular

First

(person speaking)

 I me mine my

Second

(person spoken to)

 You you yours your

Third

(person or thing spoken about)

 he / she / it him / her / its his / hers / its his / her / its
plural

First

(people speaking)

 We us ours our

Second

(people spoken to)

 You you yours your

Third

(people or things spoken about)

 They them theirs their

Subjective pronouns: 

 subject of an independent or dependent clause.

Joe and Mary got married yesterday. They are flying to London tomorrow.  Alice is my best friend; shes sixteen years old.

Objective pronouns:

direct object (DO) or indirect object IO) of a verb; object of a preposition.

Give that new tooth brush to George. Give it to him. Give him the new toothbrush.

Possessive pronouns:

marker of possession; defines who owns a particular object or person.

That isnt Peters book; its mine. It isnt his, its mine.

Possessive adjectives:

they are not pronouns. They modify nouns to show ownwership.

I left my bedroom door open; our baby  sister came in and I woke up.
 
 
 

Phonology tips

English sounds are usually described as either voiced or voiceless (unvoiced), although there can be degrees of voicing.

Voiced sounds are produced with vibration of the vocal cords.

Voiceless sounds are produced without vibration of the vocal folds.

To distinguish between voiced and voiceless sounds ask your students to put their hands on their throats while saying the sounds and they will feel their vocal cords vibrating (the voicing).

Vowel sounds
Long vowel sounds Short vowel sounds Diphthongs
i

see  / seat      

 e

bed / elephant / head

 I

fear / here
u

food  /  doom

dog / pot

 eI

play / weigh / make

bird  /  fur 

cup / mother / touch

 U

tour / cure
A

car  /  farm

 Q

cat / chat

 I

boy / poison

saw  /  four 

 U

put / bush

 U

go / boat / grow
 

 

clever / another

 e

fair / fare
    I

six / sit

 aI

time / I / bye
        aU

now / doubt
Consonant sounds
Voiced and voiceless pairs Other consonants

Voiced

Voiceless / unvoiced

Voiced
b

bag / ambition

 p

peek / apple

 m

Monday / mum
d

day / code

 t

tin / attention

 n

ten / noise
dZ

jeans / George 

 tS

chair / pitch

 N

thing / think
g

goat / eagle

 k

cat / kilo / quarrel

 l

long / goal
v

visit / evining

 f

five / effort

 r

rat / prime 
D

the / them

 T

thing / both

  

Semi-vowels
z

music / zoo 

 s

ceiling / bus

 w

win / awkward 
Z

 usual / pleasue

 S

cash / she / 

 j

new / you / usual
     

 

Voiceless
        h

hat / how / here

If you cannot see the phonetic symbols properly you have to install a Unicod IPA Font on your compute. You can download one from SIL International site 

Punctuation Marks

System of symbols  to separate sentences and parts of sentences to make their meaning clear

Full Stop 

or Period

.

  1. To mark the end of a sentence: There are students in the library.

  2. Can be used after abbreviations: Esq., Prof., a.m., p.m.

  3. With decimals, prices and time: 5 books @ $4.50 = $22.50

Comma

,

  1. To separate items in a list:  The car park was filled with cars, vans and motorcycles.

  2. To join two clauses into one: I was late for the bus, but everyone else was on time.

  3. To set off an introductory word, phrase or clause: When I got home, mother had already left.

  4. Around inserted phrases and clauses: Peter, who works in a hotel, is a cousin of mine

Colon

 

"

  1. Before explanations: Just one more question: Will the new engine work?

  2. To quote famous sayings: W. Shakespeare: It is not in the stars to hold our destiny, but in ourselves.

  3. To introduce a list: Send the note to the following departments: Marketing, Sales and Merchandising.

Semi-colon

;

  1. To separate two main clauses that are closely linked in meaning: My uncle has a new car; I wish I were old enough to drive it.

  2. To separate items in a list: There were students from Paris, France; London, England; and Rome, Italy.

Dash

-

  1. Common in informal writing. They can be used in the same way as colons and semi-colons. The train arrived as expected one hour late.

Apostrophe

' 

  1. Missing letters: cant (=cannot); Id (I would); whos (= who is/ has)

  2. Possessives: the boys mother; Susans cousin; My parents car; an hours wait.

Chat Codes

73

Best Regards

ADN

Any Day Now

AFK

Away From Keyboard

B4N

Bye For Now

BBL

Be Back Later

BBS

Be Back Soon

BF

Boyfriend

HIG

Hows It Going

IRL

In Real Life

CU

See You

KOC

Kiss On Cheek

SOT

Short Of Time

TOY

Thinking Of You

IOW

In Other Words

KIT

Keep In Touch

Proverbs and saying

A good beginning makes a good end.

If a task is carefully planned, theres a better chance that it will be done well.

Actions speak louder than words. 

What you do is more important than what you say.

Famous Quotes

Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one generation to another, 

G. K. Chesterton: 
 

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