verb

 A verb  asserts something about the subject of the sentence and expresses actions, events, or states of being. Verbs can be transitive, intransitive, auxiliary, modal, finite, non-finite, etc.

noun

A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, and abstract idea.

Types of nouns: proper, common, concrete, abstract, countable, non-countable, collective

pronoun

A pronoun can replace a noun, another pronoun, noun phrases and perform most of the functions of a noun.

Personal pronouns (subjective, objective, possessive)

Demonstrative pronouns: "this, that, these, and those''.

Interrogative pronouns: "who, whom, which, what''.

Relative pronouns:  "who, whom, that, which.''

Indefinite pronouns:  all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, each, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none, one, several, some, somebody, and someone.

Reflexive pronouns: "myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.''

An intensive pronoun is a pronoun used to emphasize or highlight an attribute.

adjective

An adjective modifies a noun  a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words. An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies.

adverb

An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase, or a complete clause by indicating manner, time, place, cause, or degree.

preposition

A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. . The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition.

conjunction

Conjunctions links words, phrases and clauses.

Co-ordinating conjunction ("and," "but," "or," "nor," "for," "so," or "yet")

Subordinating conjunctions ("after," "although," "as," "because," "before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," "though," "till," "until," "when," "where," "whether," and while.") 

Correlative conjunctions always appear in pairs – they  link equivalent sentence elements.  ("both...and," "either...or," "neither...nor,", "not only...but also," "so...as," and "whether...or." )

interjection

An interjection is a word added to a sentence to convey emotion. It is not grammatically related to any other part of the sentence. (Ouch,Oh no, Hey! , eh!, good lord!)